The Man Of All Islands

Anni has also reportedly signed an agreement with a Christian Missionary to facilitate the spread of Christiniaty in the Maldives . There are two other signatories to this agreement one of them being Tunisia . This is reportedly a financial agreement where by the Christian Missionaries will financially back MDP in its endeavors to gain control of the island nation. In return Anni and the MDP is to make all efforts to spread Christianity in the island and if elected to be the President Anni would push a bill to give religious freedom in the country there by allowing the influx of Christian Missionary groups and paving way for the construction of a church in the Maldives.

Article I Name and Affiliation Page 2
Article II Objects Page 2
Article III Membership Page 3
Article IV Officers, Elections and Voting Page 3
Article V Duties of Officers Page 5
Article VI Executive Board Page 6
Article VII Committees Page 7
Article VIII Finances Page 7
Article IX Meetings and Quorums Page 8
Article X Amendments Page 8

Rules of Orders
Article I General Provisions Page 9
Article II Debate Page 9
Article III Privileged Questions Page 11
Article IV Voting Page 12

The National Democratic Party (NDP) manifesto applies the static principles of our party to the innovative priorities of the Maldivian People.

It is a plan to advance the lives of hardworking families and prepare our country for success in a rapid changing world.

Our goal rests on one idea more than any other that it is the duty of government to provide opportunities and securities for all in a changing world.

Every object relates support to that goal is:
• Breaking down the obstacles that stop people fulfilling their talent;
• extending opportunities to every corner of the Republic of Maldives;
• Building communities strong and safe for those who cooperate by the rules.

Maldivians are hoping for a nation where democracy will be established, rule of law will be upheld and justice will be served. We Maldivians have been mistreated and cheated by our rulers for a longtime. Due to this, we want a president who understands and respects the public. We want a servant who will serve us by taking the president position, not someone who will serve himself. We believe that Dr.Munavvar the servant of the people, is the man for the job.

A principal claim for parliamentary systems, which today make up the majority of democracies, is their responsiveness and flexibility. Parliamentary governments, especially if elected through proportional representation, tend toward multiparty systems where even relatively small political groupings are represented in the legislature. As a result, distinct minorities can still participate in the political process at the highest levels of government. This diversity encourages dialogue and compromise as parties struggle to form a ruling coalition. Should the coalition collapse or the party lose its mandate, the prime minister resigns and a new government forms or new elections take place–all without a crisis threatening the democratic system itself.

The major drawback to parliaments is the dark side of flexibility and power sharing: instability. Multiparty coalitions may be fragile and collapse at the first sign of political crisis, resulting in governments that are in office for relatively short periods of time. The government may also find itself at the mercy of small extremist parties that, by threatening to withdraw from the ruling coalition and forcing the government to resign, can make special policy demands upon the government. Moreover, prime ministers are only party leaders and lack the authority that comes from being directly elected by the people.

Another concern is the lack of formal institutional checks on parliamentary supremacy. A political party with a large enough majority in parliament, for example, could enact a far-reaching, even anti-democratic political program without any effective limits to its actions, raising the prospect of a tyranny of the majority.

For presidential systems, on the other hand, the principal claims are direct accountability, continuity, and strength. Presidents, elected for fixed periods by the people, can claim the authority deriving from direct election, whatever the standing of their political party in the Congress. By creating separate but theoretically equal branches of government, a presidential system seeks to establish strong executive and legislative institutions, each able to claim its electoral mandate from the people and each capable of checking and balancing the other. Those who fear the potential for executive tyranny will tend to emphasize the role of the Congress; those concerned with the potential abuse of a transient majority in the legislature will assert the authority of the president.

The weakness of separately elected presidents and legislatures is potential stalemate. Presidents may not possess the votes to enact their program, but by employing their veto power, they can prevent the congress from substituting its own legislative program.

Presidents, by virtue of their direct election, may appear more powerful than prime ministers. But they must contend with legislatures that, whether or not controlled by the opposition, possess an election base independent of the president’s. Party discipline, therefore, is considerably weaker than in a parliamentary system. The president cannot, for example, dismiss or discipline rebellious party members as a prime minister usually can. A prime minister with a firm parliamentary majority is assured of passage of the government’s legislative program; a president dealing with a congress jealous of its own prerogatives must often engage in protracted negotiations to ensure a bill’s passage.

Which system best meets the requirements of a constitutional democracy: parliamentary or presidential? The answer is the subject of continuing debate among political scientists and politicians, in part because each system has unique strengths and weaknesses. It should be noted, however, that both are compatible with constitutional democracy, although neither guarantees it.

Consider not Parliamentary government as a reform - it is a throwback.

The parliamentary form of government is an example of a government not having any seperation between the legislative and executive branches. The parliament was a evolutionary step for democracy. But that step has been taken and countries should have left the parliamentary form and gone on to a better form of government - the separate branches and the separate levels of the checkerboard government. The parliament has the evil of having the same persons enforce the laws that make the laws.

The parliament form of government will compromise the laws of the land to appease some party of the coalition that forms the same government. In current history in Germany, laws are not enforced concerning street violence in order to appease a party of the coalition.

Another flaw of this form of government is that a person or group can gain control of the country through the coalition without prior approval of a majority of the voters. It must always be remembered that in past Germany, Hilter’s party only received about twenty-seven percent of the vote but gained control of the country by way of the coalition.

The following is a quote from one of DEMOREP1 post that appeared on this same day - very fitting. The subject is about the New Zealand election.

“No party got a majority of the seats so the predictable party back room deal making will take place regarding the formation of the executive part of the government”.

It is a conflict of interest for the same person or persons to both make the laws and enforce the laws. A dictator would do this.

Maumoon Gayyoom becomes director of telecommunications department, and teaches Islam, Arabic and English in the afternoon.

Ibrahim Manik, Abbas Ibrahim and Maumoon Gayyoom are arrested for ‘treacherous talk’. Gayyoom has claimed that selling alcohol, a mainstay of the tourism industry, is against Islamic law. Gayyoom placed under house arrest.

Gayyoom permitted to return to Male’.

Gayyoom banished for four months to Makunudhoo island on Maamakunudhoo atoll.

British queen Elizabeth II visits Maldives. Ibrahim Nasir awarded the KCMG.

Maumoon Gayyoom, Fathulla Jameel and Zahir Hussein summoned to meet President Nasir at his office. He invites them to write new Friday sermons for the mosques.

Maumoon Gayyoom returns to live in Maldives after being resident overseas, mainly in Egypt, for 24 years. He teaches at Aminiya school.

Ibrahim Nasir becomes President of Republic of Maldives.

Maumoon Gayyoom completes MA degree in Egypt at Al-Azhar university. His tertiary work is in Islamic Studies and Law. Dr Mohamed Kamal Abdul Ghani, a friend of Maumoon’s from primary school in Egypt, says: ‘Maumoon obtained his BA and MA in Islamic Sharia and Civil Law, with the degree of Excellence with Honours. In addition to his MA from Al Azhar university, he obtained a second Master’s degree in the same field from the American university in Cairo which demonstrates his mastering of the English language.’ Maumoon also found time to ’sit for and obtain a GCE (the English General Certificate of Education) at Ordinary and Advanced levels from the British Council in Cairo.

Ibrahim Nasir demands independence as a further price of the Addu facilities.

Ibrahim Nasir aboard the Silver Crest, and leading another armed attack on Thinadhoo on Huvadhu atoll and Fua Mulak, attacks Thinadhoo. The island is leveled and population dispersed. Many people, driven from Thinadhoo onto surrounding islands, starve to death.

British are granted a 30 year lease for Gan island and the Mamendu area of Hithadhoo island, and unrestricted lagoon access. Agreement confirms the sultan (king) of Maldives as the sole head of state, and reaffirms the ‘UK government’s desire and concern to promote an early reconciliation between the inhabitants of Addu atoll and the government of his highness the sultan.’
British withdraw Cheshire regiment from Gan.
Male’ government receives a ‘special grant’ of £100,000 from UK and a further £750,000 for specific projects.
Addu republic writes letter to Male’ agreeing to accept sultan of Maldives as head of state in Addu.

Ibrahim Nasir holds referendum which supports suppression of the southern revolt.
Maldive government officials prevented from landing on Fua Mulak. Shots are fired from their ship, and one islander is killed and four seriously wounded.

Ibrahim Nasir orders the government office in Gan to cease supplying labour for the base. 2,000 islanders working there. Costain Ltd arranges transport between Gan and the other islands, and construction continues despite problems with wage payments.

Ibrahim Ali Didi resigns after a Male’ mob surrounds his house, and majlis nominates Ibrahim Nasir (31 years old) as new chief minister.

Ibrahim Nasir becomes minister for public order and safety.

Ibrahim Mohamed Didi has been ill, and when he leaves for treatment in Ceylon, Ibrahim Nasir becomes treasurer and deputy police minister.

Ibrahim Nasir, Mohamed Zaki, Ahmed Did (Maajehige) and Kolige Umar Manik are appointed to cabinet.

Maumoon Gayyoom’s mother Khaddadhi dies in Male’ after his father marries a new wife.

Maumoon Gayyoom, officially 13, leaves Colombo for Egypt.

Maumoon Gayyoom, then officially nearly 10 years old, leaves Male’ for education in Ceylon and Egypt.

Maumoon Gayyoom is born (This is his birth date according to his authorised biography, but people close to the family insist he was born in 1932.) His father is Maafaiyge Dhon Seedi , a descendant of a slave trader from Zanzibar. His mother is Khaddadhi (Khadeeja Moosa) from Huvadhu atoll.

Ibrahim Nasir is born.

Made of coconut palm syrup by boiling the syrup over a moderate heat and cooked by stirring continuously until it starts to crystallize. Removed from heat, allowed cooling and put into jars and seal well.

Made of bread fruit (peeled, cored washed and cut length wise), caster sugar and water by placing all the ingredients in a thick-bottomed pan and cooked over a low heat by stirring occasionally until all the water has boiled down and the breadfruit is coated with caramelized sugar.

Male’ NSS fort attacked at 4 a.m. by Sri Lankan mercenaries led by Abdulla Luthfee and Sagar Ahmed Nasir. The attack is co-ordinated by three of the mercenaries, Vasanthi, Farooq and Babu. Despite attempts by the rebels to disrupt communications, the telephone system functions throughout the attack. Gayyoom rings the US ambassador in Sri Lanka for assistance and is told Washington has decided the Indians will act.
Lacking public support, the rebels seize hostages including the then minister of transport Ahmed Mujutaba and his Swiss wife, and Ismail Naseer. They leave Male’ harbour aboard a government ship, Progress Light. That night, India lands 1500 paratroopers in Hulhule’. At sea, Progress Light is captured by the Indian navy, with six dead from the ship. 19 Maldivians are killed in the coup attempt, including eight members of the NSS.

Alleged plot to use British mercenaries (former members of the British Special Air Service, SAS) to capture NSS headquarters in Male’. Gayyoom later says he was warned of the plot by Koli Ali Umar Manik in a phone call from Singapore. Alleged leaders of the plot are tried in February 1981.

Russians offer US$1 million to Maldives for use of Gan base by their fishing fleet. President Nasir calls the only cabinet meeting held between the end of March 1977 and November 1978. At that meeting, the Russian offer is rejected.

Ibrahim Manik, Abbas Ibrahim and Maumoon Gayyoom are arrested for ‘treacherous talk’. Gayyoom has claimed that selling alcohol, a mainstay of the tourism industry, is against Islamic law. Gayyoom placed under house arrest.

British queen Elizabeth II visits Maldives. Ibrahim Nasir awarded the KCMG.

British agree to return Addu to Male’ control by the end of 1963 and Abdulla Afeef and his family taken to Seychelles aboard HMS Loch Lomond.

British attempt to restore Addu to Male’ rule but large violent demonstration in Gan rejects any change.

In Male’, Borah traders banned from doing business in Maldives. Permission to trade was first granted in 1857. Koli Umar Manik (Nasir’s business advisor) and others benefited from the subsequent exchange rate changes. The Borahs had to barter their property before they left.
Large peaceful demonstration in Gan, Addu atoll, against Male’ government rule.

British award KCMG to king Mohamed Fareed.
Lord Mountbatten describes the Gan airstrip as the best in the Commonwealth.

Addu atoll formally establishes Republic of Suvadive headed by Afeef Didi in Hithadhoo. Huvadhu and Fua Mulak atoll are also nominally part of Suvadive, but the British give protection only to Addu atoll.

British are granted a 30 year lease for Gan island and the Mamendu area of Hithadhoo island, and unrestricted lagoon access. Agreement confirms the sultan (king) of Maldives as the sole head of state, and reaffirms the ‘UK government’s desire and concern to promote an early reconciliation between the inhabitants of Addu atoll and the government of his highness the sultan.’
British withdraw Cheshire regiment from Gan.
Male’ government receives a ‘special grant’ of £100,000 from UK and a further £750,000 for specific projects.
Addu republic writes letter to Male’ agreeing to accept sultan of Maldives as head of state in Addu.

Ibrahim Nasir personally leads armed expedition of hundreds of men aboard the Maldive Star onto Fua Mulak and Huvadhu atolls. Thinadhoo island attacked and homes of Hirihamaz and his son Abdulla are sacked and their large gold holdings are confiscated. Mass arrests follow, and many are tortured to death in Male’. Hirihamaz and two of his sons are believed to be among the dead.
On Thinadhoo, the Male’ militia occupy the island, close the schools, restrict food supplies and terrorise the islanders. Women are raped.
Abdul Hameed Didi dies in Colombo.

British begin construction of military base on Gan island in Addu atoll, southern Maldives, before Maldive majlis has ratified the agreement. The company Richard Costain Ltd moves heavy machinery into Addu. Cabinet ministers defy Ibrahim Ali Didi and refuse to sign the agreement with the British High Commissioner.
Estimated cost of project is 2 million pounds. Two year contract awarded to Costain Ltd.

Without consulting the majlis or cabinet, King Mohamed Fareed and Prime Minister Ibrahim Ali Didi sign a initial agreement with British to accept 2,000 pounds for a 100 years lease for an airfield in Gan island on Addu, and a Radio Communications Station in Hithadhoo.

British give Mohamed Ameen 300,000 pounds sterling. Money is compensation from the Japanese for the families of the victims of the sinking of the Addu ship Yahunbarahu during WW2. The vessel had been owned by Ali Didi, the son of Elha Didi. Only two people escaped death on this odi, Mohamed Manikfan of Sikage house, and Ibrahim Didi, the son of Abeya. These two were imprisoned in Singapore by the Japanese after the odi was gunned and sunk. Later, when the British recaptured Singapore they were sent back to Maldives with clear details of the ship’s accounts handed to them by their British rescuers. Mohamed Ameen summoned them to the Home Ministry and ordered them to hand over the documents they’d received. Mohamed Ameen kept the money and ignored the victims’ families.

Mohamed Ameen visits Addu. In Male’, he has listened to Buchaa’s version of events. Enemies of Afeef’s family in Hithadhoo are also capitalising on the situation; accusations of threats and black magic rites against Hassan Fareed combine with rumours of letters between the British and Abdulla Afeef discussing Addu’s possible succession to Britain. Afeef has formed friendly relationships with the British, and when Ameen demandeds to see all correspondence, he interpretes Afeef’s reticence as a sign of guilt. Abdullah Afeef and other members of his family and friends are taken to Male’, convicted, tied prostrate face-down on the ground and publicly flogged with a long rod of several bound rattan canes. Chilli powder is poured into their open cuts, leaving life-long scars. The men are then exiled to other atolls for years. Afeef is exiled for seven years.
Regarding the suggestion of regular inspection visits to Male’ from Ceylon, the British governor wrote on 26 July that ‘the government of the Maldives is extremely sensitive in regard to such measures and would not welcome the suggestion.’

British Royal marines land on Addu atoll to establish secret Port T base. They establish coastal batteries, searchlights, signal towers, roads, camps and jetties for a naval base.Within three months, nearly a quarter of this group have to abandon their work due to sickness.